Parental Alienation
Facktidskrifter och andra professionella källor som publicerat artiklar som har indirekt betydelse för förståelse av PA, underliggande psykologi, neurobiologi mm.
(Professional journals and other professsional sources which published articles of indirect importance for the understanding of PA, fundamental psychology, neurobiology and other topics)
Några av tidskrifterna nedan är relativt små men de uppfyller veterligen alla, utom Psychology Today samt Quadrant kravet på att de har en peer-reviewprocess före publicering - alltså att artiklarna granskats av oberoende och anonym expertis före publicering.
ENGLISH - about the list below: From April 2020 and on, I (BC) began to list "PA referen-ces" I found in the professional litterature. For some articles, it is explained in what sense they are relevant and consistent with the theory (not hypothesis) of parental alienation (PA or PAS). Some of these journals do not mention PA specifically but deal with the concept of PA, others (Journal name in blue 17 font) point at aggression, witness psychology, children's wishes, personality disorders, other aspects of the supporting behavioral science, neurophysiology or yet other subtopics. The code "BH" below refers to references found in "Z. Biringen & J.J. Harman, Parents acting badly, 2016" in which PA is a major topic. A few of the listed journals are relatively small but fulfill the criterion that the articles have been peer-reviewed before publication. Publications which are not peer-reviewed include magazines such as Psychology Today, Psychiatric Times and Quadrant and in addition Newsletters such as Academic___ and Parental Alienation International.
I continue to add to add references/journals to the list including a smaller fraction which deal with a broader context which in turn explains why PA is even possible. The present number of professional journals which I have found and which deal with the concept of PA is 117 (Journal name i black 19 font) but only a smaller part of them appear below. /BC, 15 October 2021.
Academy Forum
Richard A. Gardner, Recent Trends in Divorce and Custody Litigation. Academy Forum, Vol. 29(2), 1985:3-7. From page 3: "The term I prefer to use is parental alienation syndrome. I have introduced this term to refer to a disturbance in which children are obsessed with deprecation and criticism of a parent — denigration that is unjustified and/or exaggerated. The notion that such children are merely “brainwashed” is narrow. The term brainwashing implies that one parent is systematically and consciously programming the child to denigrate the other parent. The concept of the parental alienation syndrome includes the brainwashing component but is much more inclusive. It includes not only conscious but subconscious and unconscious factors within the parent that contribute to the child’s alienation. Furthermore (and this is extremely important), it includes factors that arise within the child — independent of the parental contributions — that contribute to the development of the syndrome."
Aggression and Violent Behavior
John Archer, Sex differences in physically aggressive acts between heterosexual partners: A meta-analytic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, Vol. 7, 2002:313-351.
American Journal of Family Law
Kenneth H. Waldron & David E. Joanis: Understanding and collaboratively treating parental alienation syndrome. American Journal of Family Law, Vol. 10,1996:121–133.
American Journal of Family Therapy
Nancy Rainey Palmer, Legal recognition of the parental alienation syndrome. The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 16(4), 1988:361-363.
G.F. Cartwright, Expanding the parameters or parental alienation syndrome. The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 21(3), 1993:205-215. Comment: With reference to Nancy Palmer (1988, above) Cartwright states: "...clear and forceful judgements serve to put an immediate stop to the alienating practices".
Richard A. Gardner, Differentiating between parental alienation syndrome and bona fide abuse-neglect. The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 27(2), 1999:97-107.
Richard A. Gardner, Family therapy of the moderate type of parental alienation syndrome. The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 27(3), 1999:195-212.
Richard A. Warshak, Remarriage as a Trigger for Parental Alienation Syndrome. The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 28(3), 2000:229-241.
Richard A. Gardner, Parental Alienation Syndrome vs. Parental Alienation: Which Diagnosis Should Evaluators Use in Child-Custody Disputes? The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 30(2), 2002:93-115.
Richard A. Gardner, Denial of the Parental Alienation Syndrome Also Harms Women.The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 30(3), 2002:191-202.
Ron Meister, Review of Therapeutic Interventions for Children with Parental Alienation Syndrome. (Book Review). The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 31(4), 2003:321-324.
Carlos A. Rueda, An Inter-Rater Reliability Study of Parental Alienation Syndrome. The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 32(5), 2004:391-403.
Amy J.L. Baker, The Long-Term Effects of Parental Alienation on Adult Children: A Qualitative Research Study. The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 33(4), 2005:289-302.
Terence W. Campbell, Why doesn't parental alienation occur more frequently? The significance of role discrimination. The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 33(5), 2005:365-377.
Amy J.L. Baker, The Power of Stories/Stories about Power: Why Therapists and Clients Should Read Stories About the Parental Alienation Syndrome. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 34(3), 2006:191-203.
Collette C. Summers & David M. Summers, Parentectomy in the Crossfire. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 34(3), 2006:243-261.
Amy J.L. Baker, Knowledge and Attitudes About the Parental Alienation Syndrome: A Survey of Custody Evaluators. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 35(1), 2007:1-19.
Elizabeth M. Ellis & Susan Boyan, Intervention Strategies for Parent Coordinators in Parental Alienation Cases. The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 38(3), 2010:218-236.
Amy J.L. Baker, Even When You Win You Lose: Targeted Parents' Perceptions of Their Attorneys. The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 38(4), 2010:292-309. Florence W. Kaslow, A Review of “Parental Alienation: DSM-5 and ICD-11 ”William Bernet (Ed). (2010). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Ltd., 240 pp. (Book Review). The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 39(3), 2011:274-276.
Naomi Ben-Ami & Amy J.L. Baker, The Long-term Correlates of Childhood Exposure to Parental Alienation on Adult Self-sufficiency and Well-being. The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 40(2), 2012:169-183.
David L. Levy & Richard Sauber, Review of "The Parental Alienation Syndrome," by Richard A. Gardner. (Book Review). The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 40(4), 2012:364-367.
Paz Toren, Benjamin L. Bregman, Elisheva Zohar-Reich, Galit Ben-Amitay, Leo Wolmer & Nathaniel Laor, Sixteen-Session Group Treatment for Children and Adolescents With Parental Alienation and Their Parents. The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 41(3), 2013:187-197.
Laura G. Sweeney, Reviews of "The Parental Alienation Syndrome: A Family Therapy and Collaborative System Approach to Amelioration," by Linda J. Gottlieb and "Parental Alienation Syndrome-Disorder: A Serious Form of Psychological Child Abuse With Case Examples," by Wilfrid von Boch-Galhau. (Book Reviews). The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 42(1), 2014:92-94.
Stephen Beiner, Review of "Surviving Parental Alienation: A Journey of Hope and Healing," by Amy J. L. Baker and Paul R. Fine. (Book Review). The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 43(2), 2015:211-212. Reviews on Amazon. In brief at Amy J.L. Baker's website.
Richard A. Warshak, Risks to Professionals Who Work With Troubled and Alienated Parent-Child Relationships. The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 44(3), 2016:111-128.
Caitlin Bentley & Mandy Matthewson, The Not-Forgotten Child: Alienated Adult Children’s Experience of Parental Alienation. The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 48(5), 2020:509-529.
Mark D. Roseman, Parental Alienation: Science and Law. (Book Review). The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 49(4), 2021:426-427.
Fuat Torun, Sebahat Dilek Torun & Mandy Matthewson, Parental Alienation: Targeted Parent Experience in Turkey, The American Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. XX, 2021:1-XX.
William Bernet, Recurrent Misinformation Regarding Parental Alienation Theory. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 2021:1-15 (in press).
American Journal of Forensic Psychology
Deirdre Conway Rand, The spectrum of parental alienation syndrome (part I). American Journal of Forensic Psychology, Vol. 15(3), 1997:23-52.
Deirdre Conway Rand, The spectrum of parental alienation syndrome (part II). American Journal of Forensic Psychology, Vol. 15(4), 1997:39-92. Note that this article consists of three html files - click at the bottom of each of the individual html files to go to either of the other two files.
Jeffrey C. Siegel & Joseph S. Langford, MMPI-2 validity scales and suspected parental alienation.
American Journal of Forensic Psychology, Vol. 16(4), 1998:5-14.
Richard A. Warshak, Current Controversies Regarding Parental Alienation Syndrome. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, Vol. 19(3), 2001:29-59.
Deirdre Conway Rand, Randy Rand & Leona Kopetski, The spectrum of parental alienation syndrome (part III): The Kopetski follow up study. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, Vol. 23(1), 2005:15-43.
Amy J.L. Baker, Parent alienation strategies: A qualitative study of adults who experienced parental alienation as a child. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 23(4), 2005:41-63.
American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
Judith S. Wallerstein & Joan B. Kelly, The effects of parental divorce: Experiences of the child in later
latency. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 46(2), 1976:256-269. Comment: This paper deals with the concept of PA but by the time of publication, the term PA/PAS had not yet been coined.
John Bowlby, Attachment and loss: Retrospect and prospect. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, Vol. 52(4), 1982:664–678.
American Journal of Psychiatry
Martin H. Teicher & Jacqueline A. Samson, Childhood maltreatment and psychopathology: A case for ecophe-notypic variants as clinically and neurobiologically distinct subtypes. American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 170(10), 2013:1114-1133.
American Psychologist
Richard E. Mayer, Applying the Science of Learning: Evidence-Based Principles for the Design of Multimedia Instruction. American Psychologist, Vol. 63(8), 2008:760-769.
Comment: Indirectly related to PA because it involves the theory of learning.
Annales Médico-psychologiques (In French)
Paul Bensussan, L’aliénation parentale : vers la fin du déni? Annales Médico-psychologiques, Vol. 167(6), 2009:409-415. Comment: Abstract in English.
Annals of the American Psychotherapy Association
Katherine C. Andre, Parent Alienation Syndrome. Annals of the American Psychotherapy Association, Vol. 7(4), 2004:7-11.
Amy J.L. Baker & Katherine Andre, Working with alienated children and their targeted parents: Suggestions for sound practices for mental health professionals. Annals of the American Psychotherapy Association, Vol. 11(2), 2008:10-17.
Annals of the International Communication Association
Kristina M. Scharp & Elizabeth Dorrance Hall, Family marginalization, alienation, and estrangement: questioning the nonvoluntary status of family relationships. Annals of the International Communication Association, Vol. 41(1), 2017:28-45.
Comment: The authors clearly discuss communication and other phenomena that are consistent with PA but they also more or less consistently avoid directly referring to PA/PAS except in a separate paragraph where Richard Gardner is referred to. In addition, many references are made to PA papers.
Australian Family Lawyer
Kenneth Byrne, Brainwashing in Custody Cases: The Parental Alienation Syndrome. Australian Family Lawyer, Vol. 4(3), 1989:1-5.
Australian Journal of Family Law
Sandra S. Berns, Parents behaving badly: Parental alienation syndrome in the family court – magic bullet or poisoned chalice. Australian Journal of Family Law, Vol. 15(3), 2001:191–214
Australian Journal of Psychology
Sian Balmer, Mandy Matthewson & Janet Haines, Parental alienation: Targeted parent perspective. Australian Journal of Psychology, Vol. 70(1), 2017:91-99.
Saulyn Lee‐Maturana, Mandy Matthewson, Corinna Dwan & Kimberley Norris, Characteristics and experiences of targeted parents of parental alienation from their own perspective: A systematic literature review. Australian Journal of Psychology, Vol. 71(2), 2019:83-91.
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
Elisabeth H. M. Sterck, David P. Watts and Carel P. van Schaik, The Evolution of Female Social Relationships in Nonhuman Primates. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, Vol. 41(5), 1997:291-309. (BH)
Boston College Law Review
Kelly Schwartz, The Kids Are Not All Right: Using the Best Interest Standard to Prevent Parental Alienation and a Therapeutic Intervention Approach to Provide Relief. Boston College Law Review, Vol. 56(2), 2015:803-840.
British Journal of Psychiatry
Sami Timme & Eric Taylor, ADHD is best understood as a cultural construct. British Journal of Psychiatry,
Vol. 184(1), 2004:8-9.
Catherine Winsper, Ayten Bilgin, Andrew Thompson, Steven Marwaha, Andrew M Chanen, Swaran P Singh, Ariel Wang & Vivek Furtado, The Prevalence of Personality Disorders in the Community: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 216(2), 2020:69-78.
Comment: This paper is a review of the prevalence of personality disorders. I (BC) do not have access to the original paper but nothing indicates that it specifically mentions "parental alienation".
British Journal of Social Work
Greg Mantle, Tina Moules, Ken Johnson, Jane Leslie, Sarah Parsons & Ray Shaffer. Whose Wishes and Feelings? Children’s Autonomy and Parental Influence in Family Court Enquiries." British Journal of Social Work, Vol. 37, 2007:785–805.
Comment: In this paper the authors discuss parental custody care, parental influence, parental manipulation
aimed at ‘turning the child against the other parent’ (context of coaching and brainwashing) and parental separation - obviously a publication discussng parts of the concept of PA but the authors do not use the term "parental alienation".
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry
Lionel Cailhol, Éric Pelletier, Louis Rochette, Lise Laporte, Pierre David, Évens Villeneuve, Joel Paris & Alain Lesage, Prevalence, Mortality, and Health Care Use Among Patients With Cluster B Personality Disorders Clinically Diagnosed in Quebec: A Provincial Cohort Study, 2001-2012. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 62(5), 2017:336-342.
Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne
M.H. Gagné, S. Drapeau & R. Hénault, L'aliénation parentale: Un bilan des connaissances et des controverses [Parental alienation: An overview of research and controversy]. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, Vol. 46(2), 2005:73–87.
Child Abuse Review
Nigel Blagg & Eva Godfrey, Exploring Parent–Child Relationships in Alienated versus Neglected/Emotionally Abused. Children using the Bene‐Anthony Family Relations Test. Child Abuse Review, Vol. 27(6), 2018:486-496.
Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America
William Bernet, Child custody evaluations. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Vol. 11(4), 2002:781-804.
Douglas Darnall, The Psychosocial Treatment of Parental Alienation. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Vol. 20(3), 2011:479-494.
Child and Family Social Work
Ricky Finzi-Dottan, Hadass Goldblatt & Orlee Cohen-Masica, The experience of motherhood for alienated mothers. Child and Family Social Work, Vol. 17, 2012:316-325.
Child Development
Su Yeong Kim, Yang Hou & Yolanda Gonzalez, Language Brokering and Depressive Symptoms in Mexican‐American Adolescents: Parent–Child Alienation and Resilience as Moderators. Child Development,Vol. 88(3), 2017:867-888.
Children & Society
Jennifer Lavoie, Karissa Leduc, Angela M. Crossman & Victoria Talwar, Do As I Say and Not As I Think: Parent Socialisation of Lie‐Telling Behaviour. Children & Society, Vol. 30(4), 2016:253-264.
Children and Youth Services Review
Jennifer J. Harman, Sadie Leder-Elder & Zeynep Biringen, Prevalence of adults who are the targets of parental alienating behaviors and their impact. Children and Youth Services Review, Vol. 106, 104471, 2019:1-13.
T.M. Marques, I. Narciso & L.C. Ferreira, Empirical research on parental alienation: A descriptive literature review. Children and Youth Services Review, Vol. 119, 2020.
Clinical Psychology Review
Daniel Turkat, Child visitation interference in divorce. Clinical Psychology Review, Vol. 14(8), 1994:737-742.
Clinical Social Work Journal
Virginia H. Luftman, Lane J. Veltkamp, James J. Clark, Sharon Lannacone & Howard Snooks, Practice Guidelines In Child Custody Evaluations for Licensed Clinical Social Workers. Clinical Social Work Journal, Vol. 33(3), 2005:327-357.
Cogent Psychology
Alan M. Jaffe, Melanie J. Thakkar & Pascale Piron, Denial of ambivalence as a hallmark of parental alienation. Cogent Psychology, Vol. 4, 2017:1-15.
Communication Reports
Lindsey S. Aloia & Claire Strutzenberg, Parent–Child Communication Apprehension: The Role of Parental Alienation and Self-Esteem. Communication Reports, Vol. 32(1), 2019:1-14 (first version/online).
Contemporary Family Therapy
Ludwig F. Lowenstein, Parent Alienation Syndrome: A Two Step Approach Toward a Solution. Contemporary Family Therapy, Vol. 20, 1998:505-520.
Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice
J. Rowen & R. Emery. Examining parental denigration behaviors of co-parents as reported by young adults and their association with parent–child closeness. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, Vol. 3(3), 2014:165–177.
Court Review
Ira Daniel Turkat, On the Limitations of Child-Custody Evaluations, Court Review, Vol. 42(2), 2005:8-13.
Comment: This paper is indirectly relevant for PA but only briefly gives a reference to PA.
Cultic Studies Review
Amy J.. Baker, The Cult of Parenthood: A Qualitative Study of Parental Alienation. Cultic Studies Review, Vol. 4(1), 2005:1-20.
Current Directions in Psychological Science
Jennifer J. Harman, William Bernet & Joseph Harman, Parental Alienation: The Blossoming of a Field of Study. Current Directions in Psychological Science, Vol. 28(2), 2019:212-217.
Current Opinion in Psychology
Jennifer J. Harman, Mandy Matthewson & Amy J.L. Baker, Losses experienced by children alienated from a parent. Current Opinion in Psychology, Vol. 43, 2022:7-12.
Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care
Herbert Schreier, Munchausen by Proxy. Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care, Vol. 34(3), 2004:126-143.
Comment: Munchausen by Proxy (also called Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another) sometimes occur in cases of PA.
Current Psychology
Lucrezia Savioni, Stefano Triberti, Ilaria Durosini & Gabriella Pravettoni, How to make big decisions: A cross-sectional study on the decision making process in life choices. Current Psychology, Vol. 42, 2023:15223-15236.
Developmental Psychology
J. Smetana, J. Robinson, S.V. Bourne & C. Wainryb, "I didn't want to, but then I told": Adolescents' narratives regarding disclosure, concealment, and lying. Developmental Psychology, 55(2), 2019:403-414.
Comment: This article relates to PA because it pertains to lying by young people.
Duodecim; lääketieteellinen aikakauskirja (in Finnish)
H. Häkkänen-Nyholm, Alienation of a child from one parent in divorce situation (In Finnish). Duodecim; lääketieteellinen aikakauskirja, Vol. 126(5), 2013:499-505.
EC Paedriatrics
Wilfrid Von Boch-Galhau, Christiane Förster & Jorge Guerra González, “Demosthenes Lorandos, William Bernet, and SR Sauber (2013) Parental Alienation: Handbook for Mental Health and Legal Professionals”. EC Paediatrics, Vol. 7(8), 2018: 820-822.
L’Encéphale (In French)
Paul Bensussan, Aliénation parentale, abus psychologique de l’enfant et DSM-5. L’Encéphale, Vol. 43, 2017:510-515.
Comment: In this article it is explained in detail how PA is covered by five of the already existing diagnosis in DSM-5.
Éthique et Famille (in French)
Jean-Pierre Cambefort, Le Syndrome d'aliénation parentale : Menace pour la cohésion familiale. Éthique et Famille, 2011:155-172.
European Journal of Psychological Assessment
Paolo Roma, Federica Ricci, Georgios D. Kotzalidis, Luigi Abbate, Anna Lubrano Lavadera, Giorgia Versace, Floriana Pazzelli, Marisa Malagoli Togliatti, Paolo Girardi & Stefano Ferracuti, MMPI-2 in Child Custody Litigation: A Comparison Between Genders. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, Vol. 30(2), 2014:110-116. Comment: This is not a PA paper. The results suggest that Italian women are better than Italian men in faking a positive personality in a CCL context and that this also differs from Italian women and men in the general population.
European Psychiatry
A.C.W.S. Salles B.M.Paulo J. de Matos, P-679 - Parental alienation - a seven year old girl with a long story in the Brazilian court. European Psychiatry, Vol. 27, Supplement 1, 2012 (one page?). Comment: This could possibly be from a proceedings publication or something similar.
Q. Dai, G. Yang, C. Hu, L. Wang, K. Liu, Y. Guang, R. Zhang, S. Xu, B. Liu & Y. Yang, The alienation of affection toward parents and influential factors in Chinese left-behind children. European Psychiatry, Vol. 39, 2020:114-122.
Evolutionary Psychological Science
Adam C. Davis, Caroline Dufort, Jessica Desrochers, Tracy Vaillancourt & Steven Arnocky, Gossip as an Intrasexual Competition Strategy: Sex Differences in Gossip Frequency, Content, and Attitudes. Evolutionary Psychological Science, Vol. 4, 2018:141-153.
Family and Conciliation Courts Review
Mary Lund, A therapist's view of parental alienation syndrome. Family and Conciliation Courts Review,
Vol. 33(3), 1995:308-316.
Ex: Anita Vestal, Mediation and parental alienation syndrome: Considerations for an intervention model. Family and Conciliation Courts Review, Vol. 37(4), 1999:487-503.
Richard A. Warshak, Blanket restrictions: Overnight contact between parents and young children. Family and Conciliation Courts Review, Vol. 38(4), 2000:422-445.
Comment: I (BC) do not have access to this publication but from what I can indirectly read about the article, it seems highly relevant for PA.
Family Court Review
Janet R. Johnston & Joan B. Kelly, Guest Editorial Notes. Family Court Review, Vol. 39(3), 2005:246-248.
Joan B. Kelly and Janet R. Johnston, The Alienated Child: A Reformulation of Parental Alienation Syndrome. Family Court Review, Vol. 39(3), 2001:249-266.
S. Margaret Lee & Nancy W. Olesen, Assessing for Alienation in Child Custody and Access Evaluations.
Family Court Review, Vol. 39(3), 2001:282-298.
Matthew J. Sullivan & Joan B. Kelly, Legal and Psychological Management of Cases with an Alienated Child. Family Court Review, Vol. 39(3), 2001:299-315.
Lewis Zirogiannis, Evidentiary Issues with Parental Alienation Syndrome. Family Court Review, Vol. 39(3), 2001:334-343.
Richard A. Gardner, Commentary on Kelly and Johnston's "The Alienated Child: A Reformulation of Parental Alienation Syndrome". Family Court Review, Vol. 42(4), 2004:611-621.
Janet R. Johnston & Joan B. Kelly, Rejoinder to Gardner's "Commentary on Kelly and Johnston's 'TheAlienated Child: A Reformulation of Parental Alienation Syndrome'". Family Court Review, Vol. 42(4), 2004:622-628.
Barbara Jo Fidler & Nicholas Bala, Guest editors' introduction to special issue on alienated children in divorce and separation: Emerging approaches for families and courts. Family Court Review, Vol. 48(1), 2010:6-9.
Barbara Jo Fidler & Nicholas Bala, Children Resisting Postseparation Contact with a Parent: Concepts, Controversies and Conundrums. Family Court Review, Vol. 48(1), 2010:10-47.
Richard A. Warshak, Family Bridges: Using Insights_from_Social Science to Reconnect Parents and Alienated Children. Family Court Review, Vol. 48(1), 2010:48-80.
Joan B. Kelly, Commentary on "Family Bridges: Using Insights from Social Science to Reconnect Parents and Alienated Children (Warshak, 2010). Family Court Review, Vol. 48(1), 2010:81-90.
Richard A. Warshak & Mark R. Otis, Helping alienated children with family bridges: Practice, research, and the pursuit of humbition. Family Court Review, Vol. 48(1), 2010:91-97.
Steven Friedlander & Marjorie Gans Walters, When a Child Rejects a Parent: Tailoring the Intervention to Fit the Problem. Family Court Review, Vol. 48(1), 2010:98-111.
Janet R. Johnston & Judith Roth Goldman, Outcomes of Family Counseling Interventions with Children who Resist Visitation: An Addendum to Friedlander and Walters (2010). Family Court Review, Vol. 48(1), 2010:112-115. Translation into French.
Matthew J. Sullivan, Peggie A. Ward & Robin M. Deutsch, Overcoming Barriers Family Camp: A Program for High-Conflict Divorced Families where a Child is Resisting Contact with a Parent. Family Court Review, Vol. 48(1), 2010:116-135.
Peter G. Jaffe, Dan Ashbourne & Alfred A. Mamo, Early Identification and Prevention of Parent-Child Alienation: A Framework for Balancing Risks and Benefits of Intervention. Family Court Review, Vol. 48(1), 2010:136-152.
Richard A. Warshak, Alienating audiences from innovation: The perils of polemics, ideology, and innuendo. Family Court Review, Vol. 48(1), 2010:153-163.
Hon. Donna J. Martinson, One case–one specialized judge: Why courts have a duty to manage alienation and other high-conflict cases. Family Court Review, Vol. 48(1), 2010:180-189.
Kirk Weir, High-conflict contact disputes: Evidence of the extreme unreliability of some children's ascertainable wishes and feelings. Family Court Review, Vol. 49(4), 2011:788-800.
Barbara Jo Fidler & Nicolas Bala (Eds.), Guest editors’ introduction to the 2020 special issue on parent-child contact problems: Concepts, controversies & conundrums. Family Court Review, Vol. 58(2), 2020:265-269.
Janet J. Johnston & Matthew J. Sullivan, Parental alienation: In search of common ground for a more differentiate theory. Family Court Review, Vol. 58(2), 2020:270-292.
William Bernet, Parental alienation and misinformation. Family Court Review, Vol. 58(2), 2020:293-307.
Aaron Robb, Methodological challenges in social science: Making sense of polarized and competing
research claims. Family Court Review, Vol. 58(2), 2020:308-321.
Demosthenes Lorandos, Parental alienation in U.S. Court, 1985 to 2018. Family Court Review, Vol. 58(2), 2020:322-339.
Madelyn S. Milchman, Robert Geffner & Joan S. Meier, Ideology and rhetoric replace science and reason in
some parental alienation literature and advocacy: A critique. Family Court Review, Vol. 58(2), 2020:340-361.
William Bernet, Response to “Ideology and Rhetoric Replace Science and Reason in Some Parental Alienation Literature and Advocacy: A Critique,” by Milchman, Geffner, and Meier. Family Court Review, Vol. 58(2), 2020:362-367.
Benjamin D. Garber, Dynamics, not Diagnoses. Family Court Review, Vol. 58(2), 2020:368-370.
(No abstract is available)
Demosthenes Lorandos, Response to Milchman, Geffner, and Meier Ideology and Rhetoric Replace Science and Reason in Some Parental Alienation Literature and Advocacy: A Critique. Family Court Review, Vol. 58(2), 2020:371-372. (No abstract is available)
Aaron Robb, Misdirection and Double Standards Fail to Clarify Controversial Issues in Social Science. Family Court Review, Vol. 58(2), 2020:373-374. (No abstract is available)
Madelyn S. Milchman, Robert Geffner & Joan S. Meier, Putting Science and Reasoning Back Into the “Parental Alienation” Discussion: Reply to Bernet, Robb, Lorandos, and Garber. Family Court Review, Vol. 58(2), 2020:375-385.
Benjamin D. Garber, Sherlock Holmes and the case of resist/refuse dynamics: Confirmatory bias and abductive inference in child custody evaluations. Family Court Review, Vol. 58(2), 2020:386-402.
Fiona Morrison, E. Kay M. Tisdall & Jane E. M. Callaghan, Manipulation and domestic abuse in contested
contact - threats to children’s participation rights. Family Court Review, Vol. 58(2), 2020:403-416.
Michael Saini, Taini Laajasalo & Stacy Platt, Gatekeeping by allegations: An examination of verified, unfounded, and fabricated allegations of child maltreatment within the context of resist and refusal dynamics. Family Court Review, Vol. 58(2), 2020:417-431.
Richard Warshak, Risks and Realities of Working with Alienated Children. Family Court Review, Vol. 58(2), 2020:432-455.
Jackie Campbell, Children resisting contact with a parent due to abuse, alienation, or other causes: Can a proactive role for lawyers contribute to better outcomes? Family Court Review, Vol. 58(2), 2020:456-469.
Robin Deutsch, Leslie Drozd, & Chioma Ajoku, Trauma-informed interventions in parent-child contact cases. Family Court Review, Vol. 58(2), 2020:470-487.
Lyn R. Greenberg, & Robert A. Schnider, We’re still taking x-rays but the patient is dying: What keeps us
from intervening more quickly in resist-refuse cases? Family Court Review, Vol. 58(2), 2020:488-506.
Shely Polak, Tom Altobelli & Linda Popielarczyk, Responding to severe parent-child rejection cases with-out a parentectomy: A blended sequential intervention model and the role of the courts. Family Court Review,
Vol. 58(2), 2020:507-524.
Rebecca Bailey, Deborah Dana, Elizabeth Bailey & Frank Davis, The application of the polyvagal theory to high conflict co-parenting cases. Family Court Review, Vol. 58(2), 2020:525-543.
Philip Marcus, Innovative programs in Israel for prevention & responding to parental alienation:
Education, early identification and timely, effective intervention. Family Court Review, Vol. 58(2), 2020:544-559.
Francine Cyr, Karine Poitras & Elizabeth Godbout, An interdisciplinary case management protocol for child resistance or refusal dynamics. Family Court Review, 58(2), 2020:560-575.
Barbara Jo Fidler & Nicolas Bala, Concepts, Controversies and Conundrums of Alienation: Lessons Learned in a Decade and Reflections on Challenges Ahead. Family Court Review, 58(2) 576-603.
Family Law Quarterly
Richard A. Warshak, Bringing Sense to Parental Alienation: A Look at the Disputes and the Evidence Family Relations. Family Law Quarterly, Vol. 37(2), 2003:273-301.
Michele A. Adams, Framing Contests in Child Custody Disputes: Parental Alienation Syndrome, Child Abuse, Gender, and Fathers’ Rights. Family Law Quarterly, Vol. 40(2), 2006:315-338.
Family Relations: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Studies
Patricia Lutz, The Stepfamily: An Adolescent Perspective. Family Relations: Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Science, Vol. 32(3), 1983:367-375. Comment: This article points at divided loyalties and discipline as a major stressor. Being a member of two households was a much smaller problem.
Richard A. Warshak, Payoffs and Pitfalls of Listening to Children. Family Relations: Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Science, Vol. 52(4), 2004:373-384.
Florida Bar Journal
Michael R. Walsh & J. Michael Bone. Parental alienation syndrome: An age old custody problem.
Florida Bar Journal, June, 1997:93-96.
Robert A. Evans, Treatment considerations with children diagnosed with PAS. Florida Bar Journal,
Vol. 80(4), 2006:69-72.
Frontiers in Psychology
Maria C. Verrocchio, Daniela Marchetti & Mario Fulcheri, Perceived Parental Functioning, Self-Esteem, and Psychological Distress in Adults Whose Parents are Separated/Divorced. Frontiers in Psychology,
Vol. 6(Article 1760), 2015:1-9.
Frontiers in Public Health
Yao Jiang, Hanling Xiao & Fan Yang, Accompanying your children: Living without parents at different stages of pre-adulthood. Frontiers in Public Health, 2023:1-12.
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
Maria C. Verrocchio, Daniela Marchetti, Danilo Carrozzino, Angelo Compare & Mario Fulcheri, Depression and quality of life in adults perceiving exposure to parental alienation behaviors. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, Vol. 17, Article 14, 2019:1-9.
Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience
Steven D. Targum & Charles D. Nemeroff, The Effect of Early Life Stress on Adult Psychiatric Disorders. Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience, Vol. 16(1-2), 2019:35-37.
International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health
Leo Sher, Parental Alienation: The Impact on Men's Mental Health. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, Vol. 29(3), 2017 (Mini Review, Published on line 13 November 2015).
Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Science
Jenna Rowen & Robert E. Emery, Parental Denigration Boomerangs Versus Alienates: Parent-Child Closeness, Reciprocity, and Well-Being Using Multiple Informants. Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Science, Vol. 68(1), 2019:119-134.
International Cultic Studies Association
Amy JL. Baker, Resisting the pressure to choose between parents: A school-based program. International Cultic Studies Association, Vol. 3(1), 2012:8-13. (BH)
International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences: Annual Review
Christine Giancarlo & Kara Rottmann, Kids Come Last: The Effect of Family Law Involvement in Parental Alienation. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences: Annual Review, Vol. 9, 2015:27-42. (BH)
International Journal of Law and Psychiatry
A.L. Lavadera, S. Ferracuti & M.M. Togliatti, Parental alienation syndrome in Italian legal arguments: An exploratory study. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, Vol. 35, 2012:334-342. (BH)
International Journal of Psycho-Analysis
John Bowlby, The Nature of the Child's Tie to His Mother. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, Vol. 39, 1958:350-373.
International Journal on Child Maltreatment: Research, Policy and Practice
Deborah Goldfarb, Sidnei Priolo-Filho, Janelle Sampana, Donna Shestowsky, Samara Wolpe, Lucia C. A. Williams & Gail S. Goodman, International Comparison of Family Court Professionals’ Perceptions of Parental Alienation and Child Sexual Abuse Allegations. International Journal on Child Maltreatment: Research, Policy and Practice, Vol. 2(4), 2019:323-341.
International Lawyer
Barbara Bevando Sobal & M. William Hilton, Article 13 (b) of the Hague Convention Treaty: Does It Create a Loophole for Parental Alienation Syndrome—an Insidious Abduction? International Lawyer, Vol. 35(3), 2001:997-1025.
Irish Journal of Family Law
Brian O'Sullivan, The Alienated Child, Irish Journal of Family Law, Vol. 16(1), 2013:20-23.
Issues in Child Abuse Allegations
Hollida Wakefield & Ralph Underwager, Manipulating the Child Sexual Abuse System. Issues in Child Abuse Accusations (Institute for Psychological Therapies), Vol. 1(2), 1989:58-67.
Deirdre Conway Rand, Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Integration of Classic and Contemporary Types. Issues in Child Abuse Allegations, Vol. 2(2), 1990:83-89. Comment: Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy, MSP, is sometimes part of alienating behavior - in this article PAS is referred to as a subtype of MSP.
Hollida Wakefield & Ralph Underwager, Personality characteristics of parents making false accusations of sexual abuse in custody disputes. Issues in Child Abuse Accusations (Institute for Psychological Therapies), Vol. 2(3), 1990:121–136. (BH)
Deirdre Conway Rand, Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: A Complex Type of Emotional Abuse Responsible for Some False Allegations of Child Abuse in Divorce. Issues in Child Abuse Allegations, Vol. 5(3), 1993:xx-xx.
Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology
Leon Festinger & James M. Carlsmith, Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol. 58(2), 1959:203-210. (The authors had several publications on this topic 1957-1962).
Comment: This paper is describing "cognitive dissonance" which is highly relevant to PA where gaslighting is just one of many behaviors exhibited by the alienating parent. Parental alienation was of course not mentioned as the concept of cognitive dissonance was coined about 30 years before that of PA.
Journal of Child and Family Issues
Paolo Roma, Daniela Marchetti, Cristina Mazza, Eleonora Ricci, Lilybeth Fontanesi & Maria Cristina Verro-cchio, A Comparison of MMPI-2 Profiles Between Parental Alienation Cases and Custody Cases. Journal of Child and Family Issues, 26 August, 2021:1-11 (in press).
Journal of Child and Family Studies
Maria Cristina Verrocchio & Amy J.L. Baker, Italian Adults' Recall of Childhood Exposure to Parental Loyalty Conflicts. Journal of Child and Family Studies,Vol. 24(1), 2013:95-105.
Amy J. L. Baker & Maria Cristina Verrocchio, Parental Bonding and Parental Alienation as Correlates of Psychological Maltreatment in Adults in Intact and Non-intact Families. Journal of Child and Family Studies,Vol. 24(10), 2015:3047-3057.
Laura Lamminen, Book Review: Linda J. Gottlieb: The Parental Alienation Syndrome: A Family Therapy and Collaborative Systems Approach to Amelioration. Journal of Child and Family Studies, Vol. 22(6), 2013:879-880.
Journal of Child Custody
Joan S. Meier, A Historical Perspective on Parental Alienation Syndrome and Parental Alienation. Journal of Child Custody, Vol. 6(3-4), 2009:232-257.
Bruna Calado, Henry Otgaar & Peter Muris, Are children better witnesses than adolescents? Developmental trends in different false memory paradigms. Journal of Child Custody, Vol. 15(4), 2019:330-348.
Comment: This journal frequently publishes articles opposed to the concept of PA.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Martin H. Teicher & Jacqueline A. Samson, Annual Research Review: Enduring neurobiological effects of childhood abuse and neglect. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, Vol. 57(3), 2016:241-266.
Comment: This paper includes information of brain damage due to emotional abuse.
Journal of Clinical Psychology
Linda S. Smith, Family-Based Therapy for Parent-Child Reunification. Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol. 72(5), 2016:498-512.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Arnold H. Buss & Ann Durkee, An Inventory for Assessing Different Kinds of Hostility. Journal of Counsulting Psychology, Vol. 21(4), 1957:343-349.
Comment: Assault, Indirect Hostility, Irritability, Negativism, Resentment, Suspicion, Verbal Hostility.
T.M. Yates, A.J. Tracy & S.S. Luthar, Nonsuicidal self-injury among "privileged" youths: Longitudinal and cross-sectional approaches to developmental process. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 76(1), 2008:52-62.
Journal of Divorce & Remarriage
John Dunne & Marsha Hedrick, The Parental Alienation Syndrome: An Analysis of Sixteen Selected Cases. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, Vol. 21, 1994:21-38.
Richard A. Gardner, Recommendations for Dealing with Parents who Induce a Parental Alienation Syndrome in Their Children, Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, Vol. 28(3/4), 1998:1-23.
Lon Paul Bokker, Roy C. Farley & William Bailey, The Relationship Between Custodial Status and Emotional Well-being Among Recently Divorced Fathers. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 44(3-4), 2006:83-98.
Amy J.L. Baker & Douglas Darnall, Behaviors and Strategies Employed in Parental Alienation. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, Vol. 45(1/2), 2006:97-124.
Amy JL Baker & Douglas C. Darnall, A construct study of the eight symptoms of severe parental alienation syndrome: a survey of parental experiences. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, Vol. 47(1/2), 2007:55–76.
Ludwig Fred Lowenstein, Attachment Theory and Parental Alienation. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage,
Vol. 51(3), 2010:157-168.
Amy J.L. Baker & Jaclyn Chambers. Adult recall of childhood exposure to parental conflict: Unpacking the black box of parental alienation. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, Vol. 52(1), 2011:55-76.
Amy J.L. Baker & Naomi Ben-Ami, To Turn a Child Against a Parent Is To Turn a Child Against Himself: The Direct and Indirect Effects of Exposure to Parental Alienation Strategies on Self-Esteem and Well-Being. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, Vol. 52(7), 2011:472-489.
Elisabeth Godbout & Claudine Parent, The Life Paths and Lived Experiences of Adults Who Have Experienced Parental Alienation: A Retrospective Study. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, Vol. 53(1), 2012:34-54.
Amy J.L. Baker & Maria C. Verrocchio, Italian College Student-Reported Childhood Exposure to Parental Alienation: Correlates With Well-Being. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, Vol. 54(8), 2013:609-628.
Amy J.L. Baker& Amy Eichler. The linkage between parental alienation behaviors and child alienation. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage. Vol. 57(7), 2016:475-484.
Gena A. Rowlands, Parental Alienation: A Measurement Tool. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, Vol. 60(4), 2019:316-331
Journal of Emotional Abuse
Tuppett M. Yates, The Developmental Consequences of Child Emotional Abuse: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective. Journal of Emotional Abuse, Vol. 7(2), 2007:9-34.
Journal of Family Issues
Jay Fagan & Marina Barnett, The Relationship Between Maternal Gatekeeping, Paternal Competence, Mothers' Attitudes About the Father Role, and Father Involvement. Journal of Family Issues, Vol. 24(8), 2003:1020-1043. Comment: This paper is not referring to PA but some of what has been studied is relevant for the PA topic.
Paolo Roma, Daniela Marchetti, Cristina Mazza, Franco Burla & Maria Cristina Verrocchio, MMPI-2 Profiles of Mothers Engaged in Parental Alienation. Journal of Family Issues, Vol. 42(8), 2021:722-740.
Journal of Family Medicine and Disease Prevention
Wilfrid von Boch-Galhau, Christiane Förster & Jorge Guerra Gonzalez, Book Review: Demosthenes Lorandos, William Bernet & Richard Sauber (2013), Parental Alienation: Handbook for Mental Health and Legal Professionals. Journal of Family Medicine and Disease Prevention, Vol. 5(6), 2013:115-117.
Saulyn Lee-Maturana, Mandy Matthewson & Corinna Dwan, Ten Key Findings on Targeted Parents’ Experiences: Towards a Broader Definition of Parental Alienation. Journal of Family Issues, Vol. 0(0), 2021:1-29, in press).
Journal of Family Psychology
Jennifer J. Harman, Zeynep Biringen, Ellen M. Ratajack, Pearl L. Outland & Allyson Kraus, Parents Behaving Badly: Gender Biases in the Perception of Parental Alienating Behaviors. Journal of Family Psychology, Vol. 30(7), 2016:866-874.
Journal of Family Studies
Comment: Some of the articles in this journal deal with observations that are consistent with PA but I (BC) only have access to the abstracts and therefore don't know if PA is explicitly mentioned or discussed.
Journal of Family Therapy
Kate Templer, Mandy Matthewson, Janet Haines & Georgina Cox, Recommendations for best practice in response to parental alienation: findings from a systematic review. Journal of Family Therapy, Vol. 39(1), 2017:103-122.
Journal of Family Violence
Jennifer J. Harman, Demosthenes Lorandos, Zeynep Biringen & Caitlyn M. Grubb, Gender Differences in the Use of Parental Alienating Behaviors. Journal of Family Violence, Vol. 35(5), 2020:459-469.
Ira Daniel Turkat, Divorce related malicious mother syndrome. Journal of Family Violence, Vol. 10(3), 1995:253-264.
Journal of Forensic Sciences
William Bernet, Amy J. L. Baker & Maria C. Verrocchio, Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised Scores in Adult Children Exposed to Alienating Behaviors: An Italian Sample. Journal of Forensic Sciences, Vol. 60(2), 2015:357-362.
Amy J.L. Baker, Mariann Asayan & Alianna LaCheen-Baker, Best Interest of the Child and Parental Alienation: A Survey of State Statutes. Journal of Forensic Sciences, Vol. 61(4), 2016:1011-1016.
William Bernet, Nilgun Gregory, Ronald P. Rohner & Kathleen M. Reay, Measuring the Difference Between Parental Alienation and Parental Estrangement: The PARQ-Gap. Journal of Forensic Sciences, Vol. 65(4), 2020:1225-1234.
Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development
Cheryl Holcomb-McCoy, Alienation, A Concept for Understanding Low-Income, Urban Clients. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education and Development, Vol. 43(2), 2004:188-196.
Journal of Moral Education
Jennifer Lavoie, Joshua Wyman, Angela M. Crossman & Victoria Talwar, Lie-telling as a mode of antisocial action: Children’s lies and behavior problems. Journal of Moral Education, Vol. 47(4), 2018:432-450.
Journal of Personality
Robert S. Horton, Geoff Bleau, and Brian Drwecki, Parenting narcissus: what are the links between parenting and narcissism? Journal of Personality, Vol. 74(2), 2006:345-376. (BH)
Comment: In this article narcissism is analyzed in the "softer" sense - not the formal psychiatric diagnosis NPD. The authors discuss "healthy" as well as "unhealthy" narcissism. "Parental alienation" is not mentioned as words in the paper but the concept is clearly built into the text, for example (p. 350): " According to this perspective, narcissism develops when the parent regards the child as a means by which to satisfy selfish motives, not as an individual to be nurtured. In this unfortunate case, the parent’s identity is enmeshed with the child’s, and the parent subverts the development of the child’s independent sense of self rather than risk a symbolic loss to his or her own self."
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Lee Ross, Mark R. Lepper & Michael Hubbard, Perseverance in Self-Perception and Social Perception: Biased Attributional Processes in the Debriefing Paradigm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 32(5), 1975:880-892.
Comment: This paper has indirect and important relevance for the understanding of attribution errors and related phenomena during custody evaluations.
Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services
M.M. Farkas, An introduction to parental alienation syndrome. Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services, Vol. 49(4), 2011:20-26.
Journal of Psychopathology
Alberto Siracusano, Ylenia Barone, Giulia Lisi & Cinzia Niolu, Parental alienation syndrome or alienating parental relational behaviour disorder: a critical overview. Journal of Psychopathology, Vol. 21, 2015:231-238.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
William Bernet, Case study: allegations of abuse created in a single interview. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol.36(7), 1997:966-970.
William Bernet, Marianne Z. Wamboldt & William E. Narrow, Child Affected by Parental Relationship Distress. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol. 55(7), 2016:571-579.
William Bernet, Wrongful Allegations of Sexual and Child Abuse. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol. 56(8), 2017:713-714.
Journal of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers
Ira Turkat, Parental Alienation Syndrome: A Review of Critical Issues. Journal of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers, Vol. 18, 2002:131-176.
Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
Janet R. Johnston, Parental alignments and rejection: An empirical study of alienation of children of divorce. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Vol. 31, 2003:158-170. (BH)
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry
Martin H. Teicher & Jacqueline A. Samson, Annual Research Review: Enduring neurobiological effects of childhood abuse and neglect. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, Vol. 57(3), 2016:241-266.
Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis
Richard A. Gardner, Sex-abuse hysteria: Diagnosis, etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, Vol. 37(3), 1993:2-5.
Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal de l'Académie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent
Normand Carrey, Coasting to DSM-5 - Parental Alienation Syndrome and Child Psychiatric Syndromes: We are what and who we define(Editorial), Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal de l'Académie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Vol. 20(3), 2011:163.
P. Susan Penfold, Book Review: Adult Children of Parental Alienation Syndrome: Breaking the Ties That Bind (Amy JL Baker).Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry = Journal de l'Académie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Vol. 17(4), 2008:232.
Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Duk Soo Moon, Myung Hoon Lee, Dong Sun Chung & Young Sook Kwack, Custody Evaluation in High-conflict Situations Focused on Domestic Violence and Parental Alienation Syndrome.Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol. 31(2), 2020:66-73.
Juvenile and Family Court Journal
Patricia van Horn & Betsy Mcalister Groves, Children Exposed to Domestic Violence: Making Trauma‐Informed Custody and Visitation Decisions.Juvenile and Family Court Journal, Vol. 57(1), 2009:51-60.
La Revue d'Action Juridique et Sociale (in French)
Jean Pannier, Autorité parentale: Droit de visite et d'hébergement: Aliénation parentale [Parental authority: Rights of access and accommodation: Parental alienation]. La Revue d'Action Juridique et Sociale, 2007:27058-27062.
Maltrattamento e Abuso all’Infanzia (In Italian)
Marisa Malagoli Togliatti & Franci Marta, La sindrome di alienazione genitoriale (PAS): Studi e ricerche. Maltrattamento e Abuso all’Infanzia, Vol. 7(3), 2005:39-63.
Michigan Family Law Journal
Ashish S. Joshi, Parental Alienation: The Problem (Part One of a Two-Part Series). Michigan Family Law Journal, Vol. 46(8), 2016:7-10.
Ashish S. Joshi, Parental Alienation: Remedies (Part Two of a Two-Part Series). Michigan Family Law Journal, Vol. 46(9), 2016:6-12.
Ashish S. Joshi, Parental Alienation and the Role of GALs and LGALs (Part One of Two). Michigan Family Law Journal, Vol. 48(7), 2018:20-25.
Ashish S. Joshi, Parental Alienation and the Role of GALs and LGALs (Part Two of Two). Michigan Family Law Journal, Vol. 48(8), 2018:17-22.
Ashish S. Joshi, Temporary No-Contact Orders: The Necessary Ingredient for Effective Reunification in Cases Involving Parental Alienation. Part 1. Michigan Family Law Journal, Vol. 50(2), 2020:13-18.
Ashish S. Joshi, Parental Alienation and Domestic Violence: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Part 1. Michigan Family Law Journal, Vol. 50(8), 2020:13-17.
Ashish S. Joshi, Parental Alienation and Domestic Violence: Two Sides of the Same Coin. Part 2. Michigan Family Law Journal, Vol. 50(10), 2020:11-17.
Ashish S. Joshi, Coercive Control: What Family Practitioners Should Know About This Insidious Form of Mental Abuse. Michigan Family Law Journal, Vol. 51(9), 2021:17-21.
Neuron
Charles B. Nemeroff, Paradise Lost: The Neurobiological and Clinical Consequences of Child Abuse andNeglect. Neuron, Vol. 89(5), 2016:892-909.
Comment: In this paper, the words "parental alienation" are not specifically mentioned but the paper includes
discussions of changes in the brains of children due to "early life stress" (ELV), parental loss, parental
separation,parental "verbal aggression" and emotional abuse (to which PA belongs).
Neuropsychiatrie (In German, Also translated into English and Swedish)
W. von Boch-Galhau, Parental Alienation (Syndrome) - Eine ernst zu nehmende Form von psychischer Kindermisshandlung. Neuropsychiatrie, Vol. 32, 2018:133-148.
New Hampshire BAR Journal
Peggie Ward & J. Campbell Harvey, Family Wars: The Alienation of Children. New Hampshire BAR Journal, Vol. 34(1), March 1993:___.
North Dakota Law Review
Douglas Darnall, Parental Alienation: Not in the Best Interest of the Children North Dakota Law Review, Vol. 75(2), 1999:323-364.
Louann C. McGlyn, Parent and Child-Custody and Control of Child: Parental Alienation: Trash Talking the Non-Custodial Parent Is Not Okay. North Dakota Law Review, Vol. 77(3), 2001:525-548.
NYSBAR Family Law Review
Chaim Steinberger, Father? What Father? Parental Alienation and Its Effect on Children. Part One. NYSBAR Family Law Review, Vol. 38(1), 2006:10-24.
Paidéia
Paula Inez Cunha Gomide, Everline Bedin Camargo & Marcia Gonzales Fernandes, Análise das Propriedades Psicométricas da Escala de Alienação Parental. (Analysis of the psychometric properties of a parental alienation scale.) Paidéia, Vol. 26(65), 2016:291-298.
Parental Alienation International
Parental Rights (Book Chapter)
Robert M. Gordon, The Medea Complex and the Parental Alienation Syndrome: When Mothers Damage Their Daughter’s Ability to Love a Man. Parental Rights, Cirka 2009.
Pediatrics
Jerome Kagan, The Role of Parents in Children’s Psychological Development. Pediatrics, Vol. 104(1), 2019:164-167.
Comment: This paper discusses parental behaviour, parental influence etc but PA is not mentioned.
Professional Psychology: Research and Practice
Richard A. Warshak, Ten parental alienation fallacies that compromise decisions in court and in therapy. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, Vol. 46(4), 2015:235-249.
Michael R. Bütz & F. BartonEvans,Factitious disorder by proxy, parent alienation, and the argument for interrelated multidimensional diagnoses. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, Vol. 50(6), 2019:364-375.
Psicologia Psicoterapia e Salute (in Italian)
Maria Cristina Verrocchio, La Sindrome di Alienazione Genitoriale. Psicologia Psicoterapia e Salute, Vol. 13(3), 2007: 371-396.
Psicopatología Clínica Legal y Forense (in Spanish)
M. Cartié, R. Casany, R. Domínguez, C. Gamero, C. García, M. González & C. Pastor, Análisis descriptivo de las características asociadas al síndrome de alienación parental (SAP) [Descriptive analysis of characteristics associated with parental alienation syndrome (PAS)]. Psicopatología Clínica Legal y Forense, Vol. 5(1-3), 2005:5-29.
Psicothema (in Spanish)
Ramón J. Vilalta Suárez, Descripción del Síndrome de Alienación Parental en una muestra forense (Description of the Parental Alienation Syndrome in a Forensic Sample). Psicothema, Vol. 23(4), 2011:636-641.
Psychiatric Times
William Bernet, Children of High-Conflict Divorce Face Many Challenges.Psychiatric Times, Vol. 32(10), 2015:12-15.
Philip M. Koszyk &William Bernet, Treatment and Prevention of Parental Alienation. Psychiatric Times, March 12, 2020. Från artikeln: "When parents take steps to end their marriages, the default arrangement for children should be shared parenting. Psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, lawyers, and judges can help parents avoid irreparable harm."
Psychiatria polska (in Polish)
I. Namysłowska, J. Heitzman & A. Siewierska,Gardner syndrome-parent alienation syndrome (PAS). Diagnosis or family reality? Psychiatria polska, Vol. 43(1), 2009:5-17
Psychiatriki
Orestis Giotakos, Neurobiology of emotional trauma. Psychiatriki, Vol. 31(2), 2020:162-171.
Psychological Bulletin
Jennifer Jill Harman, Edward Kruk & Denise A. Hines, Parental alienating behaviors: An unacknowledged form of family violence. Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 144(12), 2018:1275-1299.
Psychological Science in the Public Interest
Timothy B. Baker, Richard M. McFall & Varda Shoham, Current Status and Future Prospects of Clinical Psychology: Toward a Scientifically Principled Approach to Mental and Behavioral Health Care. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, Vol. 9(2), 2008:67-103.
Psychologist Papers (same journal as Papeles del Psicólogo, not counted twice)
R. Vilalta & Maxime Winberg Noda, On the myth of parental alienation syndrome (PAS) and the DSM-5.Psychologist Papers, Vol. 38(3), 2017:224-231. Comments: The authors deflect from the PA issue in two ways:
1. They do not discuss PA as a pathological family dynamic - the focus is built around the semantics relating to PAS. 2. The concept of PA is built into five already existing diagnosis in the DSM-5.
Psychology in the Schools
Raymond L. Calabrese, John W. Miller & Buddy Dooley, The identification of alienated parents and children: Implications for school psychologists. Psychology in the Schools, Vol. 24(2), 1987:145-150.
Psychology, Public Policy and the Law
Richard A. Warshak, Social Science and Parenting Plans for Young Children: A Consensus Report. Psychology, Public Policy and Law, Vol. 20(1), 2014:46-67.
Richard A. Warshak, When evaluators get it wrong: False positive IDs andparentalalienation. Psychology, Public Policy and Law, Vol. 26(1), 2020:54-68.
Jennifer J. Harman & Demosthenes Lorandos, Allegations of Family Violence in Court: How Parental Alienation Affects Judicial Outcomes. Psychology, Public Policy and Law, Vol. 27(2), 2021:184-208.
Psychology Today
Edward Kruk, The Impact of Parental Alienation on Parents: Post-traumatic Stress in the Rupture of Parent-child Relationships. Psychology Today, 2 May, 2013.
Edward Kruk, The Life of the Alienated Parent: Coping with the trauma of parental alienation. Psychology Today, 5 November, 2017.
Susan Heitler, Parental Alienation Syndrome: What Is It, and Who Does It? Psychology Today, 1 February, 2018.
Susan Heitler, Parental Alienation: What Can an Alienated Parent Do? Psychology Today, 27 Febr., 2018.
Susan Heitler, Two Classic Cases of Courts Failing Alienated Parents. Psychology Today, 1 October, 2018.
Edward Kruk, Parental Alienation as Child Abuse and Family Violence. Psychology Today, 10 January, 2019.
Susan Heitler, Parental Alienation: It Happens in Intact Families Too. Psychology Today, 19 February, 2019.
Stanton E. Samenow, Parental Alienation: Five Errors in Thinking: Alienators think like criminals. Psychology Today, 25 May, 2019.
Susan Heitler, We_Need_Changes_in_How_Courts_Handle Parental Alienation: . Psychology Today, 6 June, 2019.
Susan Heitler, Can Parental Alienation Occur Beyond_Parents_and_Kids?Psychology Today, 7 June, 2019.
Susan Heitler, Parental Alienation: What Therapists Need to Know. Psychology Today, 20 September, 2019.
Susan Heitler, Severe Parental Alienation: A Mental Health Emergency. Psychology Today, 24 Oct., 2019.
Susan Heitler, Adult Sibling Alienation: Who Does It and Why. Psychology Today, 15 December, 2019.
Susan Heitler, Narcissism in Parental Alienation: Clarifying Examples. Psychology Today, 13 January, 2020.
Christine B.L. Adams, Parental Alienation: How and When Does It Start? Psychology Today, 18 February, 2020.
Ann Gold Buscho, Divorce and Kids: What You Need to Know and Why I'm a Shrink.Psychology Today, 19 January, 2021.
Jennifer Fraser, Scientists Document How Bullying and Abuse Harm the Brain: Learn an evidence-based strategy to repair the harm done. Psychology Today, 5 July, 2022.
Jennifer Fraser, The Theory of Constructed Emotion Can Better Prepare Us for the Dark Triad: Our brains are not prepared for intraspecies predators. Psychology Today, 4 August, 2022.
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry)
Roberta Pena, Hélio Lauar & Alcina Barros, Forensic psychiatry assessment during parental alienation claims: two cases with different outcomes. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, Vol. 42(2), 2020:453-454.
Revista Psicologí a Educativa (in Spanish)
José Manuel Aguilar Cuenca, Interferencias de las relaciones paterno filiales: El Síndrome de alienación parental y las nuevas formas de violencia contra la infancia. Revista Psicologí a Educativa, Vol. 13(2), 2007:101-116.
Science
Sarah Jayne Blakemore, How Does the Brain Deal with the Social World? Science, Vol. 314, 2006:60-61.
Comment: PA is not mentioned but is relevant for emotional, social and cognitive brain functions.
Scientific American
Elizabeth Loftus, Creating False Memories. Scientific American, Vol. 277(3), 1997:70-75.
Martin Teicher, Scars that won't heal: The Neurobiology of Child abuse, Scientific American, Vol. 286(3), 2002:54-61.
Comment: This article has relevance to PA as it is focused on brain damage in the neurobiological sense to abused children but there is no specific mentioning of PA. This line of research however, where the development of the young brain is studied, has a focus on different kinds of brain damages (different regions of the brain) depending on what type of abuse or neglect a child has experienced.
Social Development
David A. Nelson, Melanie M. Springer, Larry J. Nelson & Nathaniel H. Bean, Normative Beliefs Regarding Aggression in Emerging Adulthood. Social Development, Vol. 17(3), 2008:638-660.
Comment: This article has focus on aggressive behaviors including indirectly relational (exclusion, isolation activites etc) of men and women which is highly relevant for PA but the paper does not address PA directly. (BH)
Social Work (Maatskaplike Werk, Zambia)
Elsabé Bosch-Brits, Cornelia Wessels & Adri Roux, Fathers' experience and perceptions of parent alienation in high-conflict divorce. Social Work, Vol. 54(1), 2018:91-110.
Social Work Today
Amy J.L. Baker, Parental alienation syndrome: The parent-child disconnect. Social Work Today, Vol. 8(6), 2008:26- (about six pages).
Soins. Pédiatrie, Puériculture (in French)
Aurélie Haroche, Les Soins à l'enfant face à l'aliénation parentale (Caring for Children in the Face of Parental Alienation).Soins. Pédiatrie, Puériculture, Vol. 35(280), 2014:8.
The Japanese Society for Law and Psychology
Fujiko Goto , Satoshi Aoki & Yukihiro Mashiko,離婚による親子引き離しの問題点と共同親権の可能性 : 法と心理学の対話(法と心理学会第13回大会ワークショップ) (Problems of parent-child separation due to divorce and possibility of joint custody: Dialogue between law and psychology (Also presented at 13th Annual Meeting of the Society of Law and Psychology)). The Japanese Society for Law and Psychology, Vol. 13(1), 2013:76-81.
The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
Timothy M. Houchin,John Ranseen,Phillip A. K. Hash &Daniel J. Bartnicki, The parental alienation debate belongs in the courtroom, not in DSM-5. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Vol. 40(1), 2012:127-131.
Linda Gottlieb, PAS. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Vol. 40(3), 2012:445-446.
Judith M. Pilla, Letter to the Editor (Response to T. Houchin et al., The Parental Alienation Debate Belongs in the Courtroom, Not in DSM-5). The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Vol. 40(3), 2012:446.
M.H. Stone, Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS), The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Vol. 40(3), 2012:447.
Cheryl D. Willis (Book Review), Parental Alienation: The Handbook For Mental Health and Legal Professionals. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, Vol. 43(2), 2015:258-259.
The Psychologist
Sue Whitcombe, Parental alienation – time to notice, time to intervene. The Psychologist, Vol. 27(1), 2014:32-34.
Tidskriftet Den Norske Legeforening (A journal for Norwegian medical practioners, In Norwegian)
Eivind Meland, Lena Hellblom Sjögren & Frode Thuen, Foreldrefremmedgjøring som helserisiko. Tidskriftet Den Norske Legeforening, Nr. 6, 2019. Comment: This article is entirely focused on PA.
Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi(Turkish Journal of Psychiatry)
Fuat Torun,Ebeveyn Yabancılaştırma Sendromu (Parental Alienation Syndrome), Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, Vol. 3(3), 2011:466-482. Comment: Abstract in English.
Wisconsin Journal of Family Law
Philip M. Stahl, Understanding and evaluating alienation in high-conflict custody cases. Wisconsin Journal of Family Law, 24(1), 2003:20–26. Comment: This article specifically addresses PA.
World Health Organization
John Bowlby, Maternal care and mental health. World Health Organization Monograph Series, No. 14, Columbia University Press, New York, 1951 & 1952.
(Is it PA?)
(PA is often missed)
(Key concepts)
(Child abuse)
(Damages to children)
(Damages to adults)
(Children's wishes)
(Who are the PA drivers?)
(PA and the law)
(The authorities)
(Prevention & therapy)
(Other countries)
(Support groups)
(Who am I?)